Crystal for Dummies

Crystal for Dummies

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27Local economists have seemed into their crystal balls and noticed a little something alternatively unpleasant.当地的经济学者们已预测到将会出现棘手的问题。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

按照透明度指标，水晶越透明，价格越高，好的透明的水晶加工出的成品晶莹剔透、光辉耀眼。透明度高的水晶能提升颜色的艳丽，否则显得呆板无灵性。光学水晶要求全透明、无双晶、无杂质。工艺水晶要求透明、少裂、少瑕疵。熔炼水晶要求透明，可有较多裂纹。三者价值依次降低，熔炼水晶只能作为熔炼水晶玻璃的原料。在工艺水晶中，晶体较大的，可用来做水晶眼镜和雕刻高档工艺品，因而价格较高。

结晶的形状非常细小，需要用显微镜才能看得清楚，外观上看起来是平滑、块状。常见最多的是各式玛瑙

Substantial crystals of diamond are valuable gemstones. The crystal has other interesting Homes; it's got the very best sound velocity of any stable and is the best conductor of warmth. Apart from diamond, the opposite common method of carbon is graphite, that's a layered product. Every carbon atom has 3 coplanar near neighbours, forming an arrangement known as the honeycomb lattice. Three-dimensional graphite crystals are acquired by stacking very similar layers.

2She was carrying a strand of crystal beads.她戴着一串水晶珠子。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

Lattices might have a person lattice place for each cell or more than one, yielding a complete of fourteen Bravais crystal lattice forms. Bravais lattices, named for physicist and crystallographer Auguste Bravais, explain the three-dimensional array made by a set of discrete details.

对任何宝石来说，颜色都是非常重要的，水晶也不例外。如果是水晶晶体是有颜色的，如粉水晶、黄水晶、紫水晶等，其颜色评价的最高标准则是明艳动人，不带有灰色、黑色、褐色等其他色调。如粉水晶，颜色以粉红为佳；紫水晶，要求颜色为鲜紫，纯净不发黑；黄水晶，要求颜色不含绿色、柠檬色调，以金橘色为佳。对于发晶来说，晶体的颜色也是很重要的。相同发丝的金发晶，晶体完全无色（白水晶）和晶体略偏茶色，肉眼的视觉观感也是有差别的，所以前者的价格会高于后者。

Ionic Crystals: Electrostatic forces form ionic bonds. A typical case in point is really a halite or salt crystal.

Among the many binary crystals, the easiest buildings to visualize are Those people with equivalent figures of the two types of atoms. The framework of sodium chloride is predicated with a cube. To construct the lattice, the sodium and chlorine atoms are placed on alternate corners of the cube, plus the composition is repeated (Figure 3B).

Solids that have brief-variety order but here absence long-variety buy are referred to as amorphous. Virtually any product could be manufactured amorphous by swift solidification from the soften (molten condition). This situation is unstable, and the sound will crystallize in time. In the event the timescale for crystallization is several years, then the amorphous state seems stable.

One crystals of metals are delicate and malleable, even though polycrystalline metals are harder and more robust and tend to be more beneficial industrially. Most polycrystalline products may be produced into massive solitary crystals immediately after prolonged heat remedy. Before blacksmiths would heat a piece of metallic to really make it malleable: heat helps make a couple of grains expand massive by incorporating lesser kinds. The smiths would bend the softened metallic into form and after that pound it awhile; the pounding would help it become polycrystalline once more, escalating its strength.

Fig. one: Schematic of crystal formation from developing blocks composed of a particle core and also a shell of DNA ligands attached towards the particle area.

压电性：水晶晶体受到压力时会产生电荷；反之，受到电压作用时，晶体会产生频率很高的振动。水晶具有可使压力与电荷相互转移的性能，称压电性。

A different kind of crystalline carbon is predicated over a molecule with sixty carbon atoms referred to as buckminsterfullerene (C60). The molecular condition is spherical. Every carbon is bonded to three neighbours, as in graphite, and also the spherical form is attained by a combination of 12 rings with 5 sides and 20 rings with six sides. Very similar buildings had been 1st visualized from the American architect R. Buckminster Fuller for geodesic domes.